Port 443 has to be open. Your staff need HTTPS, your line-of-business apps need HTTPS, your backup agent needs HTTPS. So does malware. Once something is running on a machine inside your network, its first job is to phone home. It does that over an encrypted outbound connection to a host that has no reputation problem yet, on the one port you cannot close.
Your firewall sees a permitted connection to a permitted port, and it's right about that. It's just answering a different question from the one that matters.
The question that matters is behavioral: has this machine ever talked to that destination before? Does it check in every 47 seconds like clockwork, the way a human never does? Did a workstation that has never touched the file server suddenly enumerate all of it? Is a server that normally sends 40 megabytes a day sending 40 gigabytes tonight?
Answering it takes a baseline for every device on the network and a system that watches for departures from it. That's what network detection and response does.